How Bacterial Toxins Punch Holes in Membranes

26 Jul 2025 under Highlights

The rise of multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a global health concern, with a toxin called alpha-haemolysin (α-HL) playing a central role in the bacterium’s pathogenesis. Despite extensive studies, most structural analyses of α-HL have been performed using detergents or one lipid moiety, which do not reflect the complexity of natural cell membranes. In a […]

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